Prognostic significance of tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy: Novel insights and future perspectives in gastric cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG
Daniela Cornelia LazărAdrian Goldiș

Abstract

Despite a decrease in gastric cancer incidence, the development of novel biologic agents and combined therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of gastric cancer remains poor. Recently, the introduction of modern immunotherapy, especially using immune checkpoint inhibitors, led to an improved prognosis in many cancers. The use of immunotherapy was also associated with manageable adverse event profiles and promising results in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer, especially in heavily pretreated patients. These data have led to an accelerated approval of some checkpoint inhibitors in this setting. Understanding the complex relationship between the host immune microenvironment and tumor and the immune escape phenomenon leading to cancer occurrence and progression will subsequently lead to the identification of prognostic immune markers. Furthermore, this understanding will result in the discovery of both new mechanisms for blocking tumor immunosuppressive signals and pathways to stimulate the local immune response by targeting and modulating different subsets of immune cells. Due to the molecular heterogeneity of gastric cancers associated with different clinico-biologic parameters, immune markers expression and prognosis, ...Continue Reading

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Citations

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
surgical resection
PCR
genotyping
surgical resections

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT03342417
NCT02872116
NCT02935634
NCT03044613
NCT03443856
NCT03409848
NCT02834013
NCT03126110
NCT03241173
NCT01585987

Software Mentioned

JAVELIN
FRACTION ( Fast Real - time Assessment of Combination
VISTA
VESTIGE

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