Programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 pathway inhibition and predictive biomarkers: understanding transforming growth factor-beta role

Translational Lung Cancer Research
Mariacarmela SantarpiaRafael Rosell

Abstract

A deeper understanding of the key role of the immune system in regulating tumor growth and progression has led to the development of a number of immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors target molecular pathways involved in immunosuppression, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway, with the goal to enhance the host's own immune anticancer response. In phase I-III trials, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have demonstrated to be effective treatment strategies by inducing significant durable tumor responses, with manageable toxicities, in patients with various malignancies, including those traditionally considered non-immunogenic, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Identification of predictive biomarkers to select patients for immune therapies is currently being investigated to improve their therapeutic efficacy. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a pleiotropic cytokine with immunosuppressive effects on multiple cell types of the innate and adaptive immune system, has emerged as one of the potential key factors modulating response to immune checkpoint...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 12, 2019·Journal of Immunoassay & Immunochemistry·Maria-Linda PopaCristiana Tanase
Sep 28, 2016·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Shiro Kimbara, Shunsuke Kondo
Feb 15, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Xing-Ning LaiLi-Xia Xiong
Dec 22, 2020·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Antonio MunafòGiuseppina Cantarella

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