Programming Shape-Morphing Behavior of Liquid Crystal Elastomers via Parameter-Encoded 4D Printing

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Luquan RenLei Ren

Abstract

Currently, four-dimensional (4D) printing programming methods are mainly structure-based, which usually requires more than one material to endow products with site-specific attributes. Here, we propose a new 4D printing programming approach that enables site-specific shape-morphing behaviors in a single material by regulating the printing parameters. Specifically, a direct ink writing three-dimensional (3D) printer with the ability to change printing parameters (e.g., deposition speed) on the fly is reported. By site-specifically adjusting print speed and print path to control the local nematic arrangements of printed liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), the shape-morphing behaviors of the LCEs can be successfully programmed. In this way, locally programmed popping-up, self-assembling, and oscillating behaviors can be designed by varying the print speed in specific regions. Snake-like curling is realized by uniformly boosting the print speed in a single line. Furthermore, two theories and an ultrasound image diagnostic apparatus are employed to reveal the mechanism behind this behavior. This work provides a feasible way to realize the gradient transition of material properties through a single material. It broadens the design spac...Continue Reading

References

Nov 10, 2011·Nature Communications·Mustapha JamalDavid H Gracias
Apr 18, 2013·Nature Communications·Randall M ErbAndré R Studart
May 4, 2013·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Mian DaiCees W M Bastiaansen
Aug 3, 2013·Nature Communications·Etienne PalleauOrlin D Velev
Feb 28, 2015·Science·Taylor H WareTimothy J White
Aug 9, 2016·Scientific Reports·Qi GeMartin L Dunn
Apr 26, 2017·Science Advances·Zhen DingMartin L Dunn
May 17, 2017·Science Advances·Zeang ZhaoDaining Fang
Aug 5, 2017·Materials·Alessandra Vitale, João T Cabral
Aug 22, 2017·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Subramanian SundaramWojciech Matusik
Oct 3, 2017·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Cedric P AmbuloTaylor H Ware
Dec 7, 2017·Macromolecular Rapid Communications·María López-ValdeolivasCarlos Sánchez-Somolinos
Jan 16, 2018·Advanced Materials·Arda KotikianJennifer A Lewis
Sep 14, 2018·Nature·Silvan GantenbeinAndré R Studart
Aug 28, 2019·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Marina Pilz da CunhaMichael G Debije
Nov 7, 2019·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Chun ZhangYue Zhao

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 4, 2021·Small·Keumbee KimSuk-Kyun Ahn
Sep 27, 2020·Science Advances·Zijun WangShengqiang Cai
Oct 31, 2021·Advanced Materials·Marc Del PozoMichael G Debije

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.