Progress in understanding the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia: the almitrine-raubasine approach

Clinical Neuropharmacology
D Bentué-FerrerH Allain

Abstract

Cerebral ischemia occurs frequently and is disabling. In addition to preventing and correcting risks factors, drugs prevent cell death induced by ischemia-hypoxia. Precise knowledge of the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia is the prerequisite for drug development, and the main proofs of efficiency are histopathological and clinical (i.e., the results of controlled studies). Different animal models are considered valid for global, focal, or multifocal ischemia. These models have enabled the identification of deleterious phenomena that could be corrected or neutralized by drugs: hypoxia, lactic acidosis, release of neurotransmitters, influx of calcium, activation of phospholipase A2, release of excitatory amino acids, excess of free radicals, and neuronal cell metabolic paralysis (decrease of oxygen and glucose consumption). The chronology of these events clearly described herein will prompt the choice of the best drug, based on the delay between the ischemic event and the decision to treat. The main pharmacological effects required are the following: antagonism of hypoperfusion, oxygenation improvement, blockade of calcium influx and neurotransmitters action, reduction of acidosis and potassium efflux, blockade of arachidonic...Continue Reading

Citations

Sep 22, 1994·European Journal of Pharmacology·D K Von LubitzK A Jacobson
Jan 1, 1995·Acta Neurologica Scandinavica·Y WangK Takahashi
Mar 18, 2011·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Weimin YangGuan J Liu

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Astrocytes

Astrocytes are glial cells that support the blood-brain barrier, facilitate neurotransmission, provide nutrients to neurons, and help repair damaged nervous tissues. Here is the latest research.

Brain Ischemia

Brain ischemia is a condition in which there is insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand. Discover the latest research on brain ischemia here.