Progress in vaccine research and possible effector mechanisms in visceral leishmaniasis

Current Molecular Medicine
Rajesh Ravindran, Nahid Ali

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis represents a serious public health concern in endemic regions and is rapidly emerging as an opportunistic infection in HIV patients. The disease is difficult to diagnose and prevent, and available treatment is associated with toxicity and drug resistance. Even though significant headway has been made in the development of vaccines against cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis has received limited attention. The fact that a large proportion of the people living in endemic areas have self-resolving subclinical infection and individuals once recovered are immune to reinfection provides a rationale for designing immunoprophylactic strategies against visceral leishmaniasis. The primary aim of this paper is to review advances in vaccination strategies against visceral leishmaniasis, suggesting possible effector mechanism leading to resistance. It also covers the role of immunostimulators and gives an account of the adjuvants used against visceral leishmaniasis. Vaccine strategies in different established experimental models have also been dealt with which can provide potential leads for their application in humans. In light of the available observations made during the course of studies performed on e...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 6, 2007·Parasitology·L KedzierskiE Handman
Aug 22, 2007·Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology·Nuno SantarémAnabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
Jan 17, 2009·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology·Nádia das Dores MoreiraAlexandre Barbosa Reis
Oct 24, 2007·Research in Veterinary Science·Rodolfo Cordeiro GiunchettiRicardo Toshio Fujiwara
Jul 12, 2013·Journal of Parasitology Research·José A O'DalyMaría B Rodríguez
Feb 13, 2013·Vaccine·Jacqueline Araújo FiuzaRicardo Toshio Fujiwara
Aug 22, 2007·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Ricardo SilvestreAli Ouaissi
Oct 5, 2007·Vaccine·Rodolfo Cordeiro GiunchettiAlexandre Barbosa Reis

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