Proof of active cannabis use comparing 11-hydroxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol with 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations

Drug Testing and Analysis
Thomas FranzF Musshoff

Abstract

Testing hair for cannabis use has increasingly been scrutinised due to exposure to second-hand smoke or environmental contamination. Confirmation of drug use involving detection of metabolites such as 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) and 11-hydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-OH) having very rarely been considered. We developed a new, simplified procedure with regard to expenditure of time and material to determine delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, qualitatively), as well as THC-OH and THC-COOH (quantitatively) from 587 hair samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) which was compared to hitherto established methods (n = 3). Compared to conventional methanolic extraction alkaline dissolution resulted in higher concentrations for THC-OH. Concentrations determined from specimens ranged from 0.01 to 18.7 ng THC/mg hair, 0.05-37.6 pg THC-OH/mg hair, and from 0.1 to 54.3 pg THC-COOH/mg hair. THC was detectable in 70.4% samples along with both metabolites from more than half of these samples. In 12.9% of THC-positive cases, neither THC-OH nor THC-COOH were present. In 8.9% of THC-negative cases, it was possible to detect metabolites either alone or in combination. THC-OH could...Continue Reading

References

Sep 29, 2004·Forensic Science International : Synergy·UNKNOWN Society of Hair Testing
Jun 20, 2006·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Frank T PetersFrank Musshoff
Nov 18, 2011·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Gail A A CooperUNKNOWN Society of Hair Testing
Jan 18, 2014·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Meejung ParkYonghoon Park
May 18, 2016·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Virginia A HillG Neil Stowe

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Citations

Feb 5, 2019·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Pascal KintzJean-Sébastien Raul
Oct 23, 2019·Drug Testing and Analysis·Frank MusshoffThomas Franz
Feb 11, 2020·International Journal of Legal Medicine·F MusshoffT Franz
Jul 28, 2020·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Olaf H DrummerFritz Pragst
Jan 5, 2021·International Journal of Legal Medicine·T FranzF Mußhoff

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