PMID: 11898444Mar 20, 2002Paper

Prophylaxis of infective complications of central venous catheters

Revista española de anestesiología y reanimación
A Gómez LuqueP E Hernández Pardo

Abstract

Infections related to central venous cannulation present first-magnitude problems in recovery rooms and intensive care units. Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is the most serious complication because of its high frequency and a mortality rate that averages around 3%. Although infections arise for various reasons, point-of-insertion contamination is the main cause when catheters are implanted for periods of less than 10 days. Contaminating microorganisms (especially Staphyloccocus epidermidis) find refuge from the host's defenses in a biofilm that covers the catheter. Several factors participate in the formation of this biofilm, such as catheter composition, proteins of the host or type of microorganism. Biofilm bacteria are resistant to both antibiotics and the host's own defenses (e.g. phagocytes and antibodies). The microorganism can then begin to reproduce, possibly leading to bloodstream infection. The measures designed to prevent this process include recommendations for both catheter insertion and maintenance. Recent meta-analyses have led to certain conclusions but no unanimity among authors. Thus, there is agreement on the adoption of strict aseptic technique during catheter insertion, on the use of chlorhe...Continue Reading

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