Propulsive nanomachines: the convergent evolution of archaella, flagella and cilia.

FEMS Microbiology Reviews
Morgan BeebyDavid R Mitchell

Abstract

Echoing the repeated convergent evolution of flight and vision in large eukaryotes, propulsive swimming motility has evolved independently in microbes in each of the three domains of life. Filamentous appendages - archaella in Archaea, flagella in Bacteria and cilia in Eukaryotes - wave, whip or rotate to propel microbes, overcoming diffusion and enabling colonization of new environments. The implementations of the three propulsive nanomachines are distinct, however: archaella and flagella rotate, while cilia beat or wave; flagella and cilia assemble at their tips, while archaella assemble at their base; archaella and cilia use ATP for motility, while flagella use ion-motive force. These underlying differences reflect the tinkering required to evolve a molecular machine, in which pre-existing machines in the appropriate contexts were iteratively co-opted for new functions and whose origins are reflected in their resultant mechanisms. Contemporary homologies suggest that archaella evolved from a non-rotary pilus, flagella from a non-rotary appendage or secretion system, and cilia from a passive sensory structure. Here, we review the structure, assembly, mechanism and homologies of the three distinct solutions as a foundation to ...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 18, 2020·Molecular Microbiology·Zhengqun LiTessa E F Quax
Nov 4, 2020·Molecular Microbiology·Trishant R UmrekarMorgan Beeby
Jan 26, 2021·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Kirsty Y Wan, Gáspár Jékely
Mar 30, 2021·Frontiers in Microbiology·Xiaotian Zhou, Anna Roujeinikova
Apr 13, 2021·Current Opinion in Microbiology·Marianne Grognot, Katja M Taute
May 18, 2021·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Nicholas J MatzkeMatthew A B Baker
Aug 7, 2021·Bioinspiration & Biomimetics·Kelimar DiazKirsty Y Wan

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