Prospective, longitudinal assessment of developmental neurotoxicity

Environmental Health Perspectives
J L Jacobson, S W Jacobson

Abstract

Methodological issues in the design of prospective, longitudinal studies of developmental neurotoxicity in humans are reviewed. A comprehensive assessment of potential confounding influences is important in these studies because inadequate assessment of confounders can threaten the validity of causal inferences drawn from the data. Potential confounders typically include demographic background variables, alcohol and smoking during pregnancy, the quality of parental stimulation, the child's age at test, and the examiner. Exposure to other substances is assessed where significant exposure is expected in the target population. In most studies, control variables even weakly related to outcome are included in all multivariate statistical analyses, and a toxic effect is inferred only if the effect of exposure is significant after controlling for the potential confounders. Once a neurotoxic effect has been identified, suspected mediating variables may be added to the analysis to examine underlying processes or mechanisms through which the exposure may impact on developmental outcome. Individual differences in vulnerability may be examined in terms of either an additive compensatory model or a synergistic "risk and resilience" approach...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 13, 2001·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health·N Ribas-FitóJ Sunyer
Feb 14, 2003·Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP·Connie E MorrowMary B Reyes
Apr 1, 1996·Environmental Health Perspectives·N FiedlerA Wetherell
Jul 16, 2011·International Journal of Pediatrics·Anthony LiuRalph Nanan
Jan 1, 2010·Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology·Kai Eriksson, Reetta Kälviäinen
Apr 22, 2004·Neuropsychology·Caroline CunyOlivier Koenig

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