Prospects for reduction and replacement alternatives in regulatory toxicology

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
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Abstract

There is a considerable impetus to developing alternative methods in regulatory toxicity testing from the introduction of legislation requiring alternative methods to be used whenever possible. Some progress has been made in the search for and validation of alternative methods in regulatory toxicology. When replacement and reduction alternatives are considered, the absolute reduction in the number of animals used in testing is a good indicator of the progress that is being made. Attempts at replacing existing animal methods have focused on acute studies where the endpoints are simple and the mechanism of toxic action understood. The majority of animal studies rely on non-specific endpoints from chronic studies and where there is little understanding of the mechanism of toxic action; these studies are much more difficult to replace. The conclusion is that the methods that are currently under validation to replace regulatory toxicology studies will only reduce the number of animals used to test a chemical (such as a pesticide) by about 3%. The process of validation is likened to technology, where additional resources can improve and hasten the process; however, the rate-limiting step in the overall objective of reducing animal us...Continue Reading

References

Aug 1, 1973·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·B N AmesF D Lee
Dec 1, 1995·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·M BallsH Spielmann

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Citations

May 2, 2002·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·A Furst
Feb 6, 2004·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·F ZuccoA Stammati
Jul 16, 2005·Food Additives and Contaminants·J-S WangT D Phillips
Mar 15, 2014·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Kyoung-Mi JungSeung Hyeok Seok
Jul 21, 2016·Toxicological Research·Seung Won Kim, Bae-Hwan Kim

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