Prostate cancer stem cells, telomerase biology, epigenetic modifiers, and molecular systemic therapy for the androgen-independent lethal phenotype

Urologic Oncology
Kenneth S Koeneman

Abstract

Numerous, relatively well-characterized androgen-independent osteotropic prostate cancer cell lines are now available to interrogate clinically relevant fundamental questions of prostate cancer metastasis and lethal progression systematically. Mounting basic and translational science efforts reveal that, very likely, the currently incurable form of androgen independent osseous prostate cancer originates from a more undifferentiated or "stem cell" like component, coexisting within a heterogeneous tumor mass containing more differentiated epithelial cancer subtypes. Current therapeutic preclinical investigations point toward the use of epigenetic modifiers, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, to abrogate the continued survival of prostate cancer cells and likely can be used relatively chronically, with little morbidity. Telomere maintenance is critical in the immortalization of prostate cancer cells, and all known androgen independent cell line variants invariably express telomerase, and, thus, an argument can be made that these aggressive cells are likened to immature, progenitor variants. The arena of telomere biology has evolved enough to provide precise, nontoxic small molecule inhibitors of telomerase that limit viabilit...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 24, 2007·International Urology and Nephrology·Tomasz Drewa, Jan Styczynski
Aug 15, 2015·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Jiahui Liu, Zhichong Wang
Mar 30, 2017·Tumour Biology : the Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine·Ajay KumarNilesh Kumar Sharma
Sep 26, 2007·Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics·Alexandre de la Taille

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