Protection and pathology in TB: learning from the zebrafish model

Seminars in Immunopathology
Annemarie H Meijer

Abstract

Zebrafish has earned its place among animal models of tuberculosis. Its natural pathogen, Mycobacterium marinum, shares major virulence factors with the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In adult zebrafish, which possess recombination-activated adaptive immunity, it can cause acute infection or a chronic progressive disease with containment of mycobacteria in well-structured, caseating granulomas. In addition, a low-dose model that closely mimics human latent infection has recently been developed. These models are used alongside infection of optically transparent zebrafish embryos and larvae that rely on innate immunity and permit non-invasive visualization of the early stages of developing granulomas that are inaccessible in other animal models. By microinjecting mycobacteria intravenously or into different tissues, systemic and localized infections can be induced, each useful for studying particular aspects of early pathogenesis, such as phagocyte recruitment, granuloma expansion and maintenance, vascularization of granulomas, and the phagocyte-mediated dissemination of mycobacteria. This has contributed to new insights into the mycobacteria-driven mechanisms that promote granuloma formation, the double-edged role of...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 4, 2016·Seminars in Immunopathology·Stefan H E Kaufmann
Jun 1, 2016·Frontiers in Immunology·Henna MyllymäkiMika Rämet
Apr 14, 2018·Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery·Christopher J Gerry, Stuart L Schreiber
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Nov 4, 2020·Cells·Salomé Muñoz-SánchezAnnemarie H Meijer
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Aug 28, 2021·Cells·Natalia NowikPiotr Podlasz
Oct 30, 2021·Molecular Microbiology·Monica Varela, Annemarie H Meijer

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
transgenic
RNAseq
ubiquitination

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