Protective and destructive effects of microbial infection in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Seminars in Immunology
Bhagirath SinghA M Jevnikar

Abstract

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease, which results in the destruction of the islet beta-cells. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encodes the major susceptibility gene in IDDM. The concordance rate for diabetes in identical twins is 30-50% and in inbred animal models of disease the incidence rate is 20-80%. These results emphasize a role for environmental factors in the disease process. It has long been suggested that IDDM in humans may be caused by-viral infections. While considerable progress has been made in defining the genetics of IDDM, our understanding of the role of environmental factors, which might provide a more direct approach to therapy is considerably lacking. We suggest that (1) the density and affinity of epitopes derived from microbial antigens that bind to MHC molecules; (2) their cross-reactivity with beta-cell antigens; and (3) the nature of immunoregulatory cytokines induced by the microbial infections are the primary factors in the induction of either effector or protective T cells in IDDM.

Citations

Jul 27, 2001·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·N AbiruG S Eisenbarth
Aug 20, 2011·Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research·Bhagirath SinghAnthony M Jevnikar
Jun 8, 1999·Annual Review of Immunology·H LiR A Mariuzza
Sep 30, 1999·Environmental Health Perspectives·M R Kraine, R M Tisch
Apr 13, 2000·Baillière's Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·T A ChowdhuryA H Barnett
Jun 30, 2000·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·V Bonnevie-NielsenT Dyrberg
Sep 30, 2005·The American Journal of Pathology·Katsushi MiyazakiYoshio Hayashi
Oct 31, 2006·Journal of Anesthesia·Harald Groeben
Jan 29, 2000·Journal of Autoimmunity·B Singh

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