PMID: 11915914Mar 28, 2002Paper

Protein metabolism and age: influence of insulin and resistance exercise

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
P A Farrell

Abstract

Skeletal muscle proteins are constantly being synthesized and degraded, and the net balance between synthesis and degradation determines the resultant muscle mass. Biochemical pathways that control protein synthesis are complex, and the following must be considered: gene transcription, mRNA splicing, and transport to the cytoplasm; specific amino acyl-tRNA, messenger (mRNA), ribosomal (rRNA) availability; amino acid availability within the cell; the hormonal milieu; rates of mRNA translation; packaging in vesicles for some types of proteins; and post-translational processing such as glycation and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Each of these processes is responsive to the need for greater or lesser production of new proteins, and many states such as sepsis, uncontrolled diabetes, prolonged bed-rest, aging, chronic alcohol treatment, and starvation cause marked reductions in rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis. In contrast, acute and chronic resistance exercise cause elevations in rates of muscle protein synthesis above rates found in non-diseased rested organisms, which are normally fed. Resistance exercise may be unique in this capacity. This chapter focuses on studies that have used exercise to elucidate mechanisms ...Continue Reading

Citations

May 30, 2009·Acta Diabetologica·Stephan F E Praet, Luc J C van Loon
Nov 25, 2004·Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America·Mohamed S AhmedAdrian Cristian

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