Protein Requirements of Pre-Menopausal Female Athletes: Systematic Literature Review.

Nutrients
Drew MercerRhiannon M J Snipe

Abstract

This systematic literature review aimed to determine the protein requirements of pre-menopausal (e.g., 18-45 years) female athletes and identify if the menstrual cycle phase and/or hormonal contraceptive use influence protein requirements. Four databases were searched for original research containing pre-menopausal female athletes that ingested protein alongside exercise. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist was used to determine study quality. Fourteen studies, which included 204 recreationally active or competitive females, met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review, and all were assessed as positive quality. The estimated average requirement (EAR) for protein intake of pre-menopausal recreational and/or competitive female athletes is similar for those undertaking aerobic endurance (1.28-1.63 g/kg/day), resistance (1.49 g/kg/day) and intermittent exercise (1.41 g/kg/day) of ~60-90 min duration. The optimal acute protein intake and influence of menstrual cycle phase or hormonal contraceptive use on protein requirements could not be determined. However, pre- and post-exercise protein intakes of 0.32-0.38 g/kg have demonstrated beneficial physiological responses in recreational and com...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1986·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·P Webb
Feb 1, 1982·The Journal of Nutrition·D H Calloway, M S Kurzer
Nov 1, 1993·Journal of Applied Physiology·S M PhillipsJ D MacDougall
Jan 1, 1996·European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·S E MollerB Fjalland
Dec 8, 1998·International Journal of Sport Nutrition·P W Lemon
Feb 5, 2000·Journal of Applied Physiology·S P BaileyK D Mittleman
Jun 16, 2001·Journal of Applied Physiology·L S LamontS C Kalhan
Mar 19, 2002·Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology = Revue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquée·L M Burke
Aug 22, 2002·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Brian D RoyMark A Tarnopolsky
Dec 25, 2002·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·William M RandVernon R Young
Nov 1, 1961·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·R L LANDAU, K LUGIBIHL
Aug 17, 2004·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Wantanee KriengsinyosPaul B Pencharz
Sep 1, 2005·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Benjamin F MillerMichael Kjaer
Mar 5, 2008·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Mark A Tarnopolsky
Aug 1, 2007·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Stuart M PhillipsJason E Tang
Dec 6, 2008·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Daniel R MooreStuart M Phillips
Jul 22, 2009·PLoS Medicine·David MoherUNKNOWN PRISMA Group
Nov 4, 2009·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·M HansenM Kjaer
Dec 19, 2009·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Jonathan TremblayCarole Lavoie
May 29, 2010·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·David S Rowlands, Daniel P Wadsworth
Jul 29, 2011·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Daniel W D WestStuart M Phillips
Dec 14, 2011·Journal of Sports Sciences·Stuart M Phillips, Luc J C Van Loon
Mar 3, 2012·Journal of Applied Physiology·Daniel W D WestStuart M Phillips
Dec 5, 2013·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Brad Jon SchoenfeldJames W Krieger
Jan 31, 2014·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Stuart Douglas Houltham, David S Rowlands
Mar 7, 2014·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·José L AretaVernon G Coffey
May 9, 2014·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Daniel R MooreJohn A Hawley
Aug 28, 2014·European Journal of Sport Science·Joaquin Perez-SchindlerAndrew Philp
Jun 16, 2015·Frontiers in Nutrition·Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux
Jun 20, 2015·Sports Medicine·Sian V Allen, Will G Hopkins
Jul 2, 2015·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Kristen L MacKenzie-ShaldersGary J Slater
Aug 1, 2015·The Journal of Nutrition·Stephan van VlietLuc J C van Loon
Oct 30, 2016·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Joanne SlaterKatherine Black
Feb 5, 2016·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Lemuel W TaylorKristen Dugan
Apr 15, 2016·The Physician and Sportsmedicine·Patrick B Wilson
Jun 23, 2016·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Michael J OrmsbeeMaria T Spicer
Aug 20, 2016·International Journal of Epidemiology·Qin WangMika Ala-Korpela
Oct 7, 2016·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Jenna B GillenLuc J C van Loon

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 21, 2021·European Journal of Sport Science·Daniel R MooreJames P Morton

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.