Protein transport across membranes: Comparison between lysine and guanidinium-rich carriers

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
Max LeinMatthew A Holden

Abstract

The mechanism(s) by which certain small peptides and peptide mimics carry large cargoes across membranes through exclusively non-covalent interactions has been difficult to resolve. Here, we use the droplet-interface bilayer as a platform to characterize distinct mechanistic differences between two such carriers: Pep-1 and a guanidinium-rich peptide mimic we call D9. While both Pep-1 and D9 can carry an enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) across a lipid bilayer, we found that they do so by different mechanisms. Specifically, Pep-1 requires voltage or membrane asymmetry while D9 does not. In addition, D9 can facilitate HRP transport without pre-forming a complex with HRP. By contrast, complex formation is required by Pep-1. Both carriers are capable of forming pores in membranes but our data hints that these pores are not responsible for cargo transport. Overall, D9 appears to be a more potent and versatile transporter when compared with Pep-1 because D9 does not require an applied voltage or other forces to drive transport. Thus, D9 might be used to deliver cargo across membranes under conditions where Pep-1 would be ineffective.

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Citations

Nov 9, 2017·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Daniela Kalafatovic, Ernest Giralt
Aug 3, 2017·Molecular BioSystems·Michael J BoothHagan Bayley
Jan 17, 2021·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Proteins and Proteomics·Gyu Chan KimYan Lee
Mar 27, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Lanhe ZhangZhao Chen

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