Proteolysis of ToxR is controlled by cysteine-thiol redox state and bile salts in Vibrio cholerae.

Molecular Microbiology
Mareike LembkeJoachim Reidl

Abstract

In Vibrio cholerae, virulence gene expression is regulated by a transmembrane-localized transcription factor complex designated as ToxRS. ToxR harbours two cysteines in the periplasmic domain that can form inter- and intramolecular disulfide bonds. In this study, we investigated the σE -dependent inner membrane proteolysis of ToxR, which occurs via the periplasmic-localized proteases DegS and DegP. Both proteases respond to the redox state of the two cysteine thiol groups of ToxR. Interestingly, in the presence of sodium deoxycholate, ToxR proteolysis is blocked independently of ToxS, whereas ToxR activation by bile salts requires ToxS function. From these data, we identified at least two levels of control for ToxR activation by sodiumdeoxycholate. First, bile inhibits ToxR degradation under starvation and alkaline pH or under conditions in which DegPS responds to the reduced disulfide bonds of ToxR. The second level links bile to ToxRS complex formation and further activation of its transcription factor activity. Overall, our data suggest a comprehensive bile sensory function for the ToxRS complex during host colonization.

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Citations

Jul 12, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Nina PennetzdorferStefan Schild
Oct 14, 2020·Environmental Microbiology·Rikuan ZhengChaomin Sun
Oct 27, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Thandavarayan RamamurthyAmit Ghosh
Dec 18, 2020·Molecular Microbiology·Nina PennetzdorferJoachim Reidl
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Sarah Wettstadt, María A Llamas
Jun 29, 2021·Gut Microbes·Jennifer Y ChoAnsel Hsiao
Jun 2, 2021·Journal of Bacteriology·Joshua D QuinnVirginia L Miller
Sep 21, 2021·Infection and Immunity·Thomas F BinaJames E Bina

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
RIP
protein folding
PCR
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

Image Lab

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