Provocation Tests in Nonimmediate Hypersensitivity Reactions to β-Lactam Antibiotics in Children: Are Extended Challenges Needed?

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
Rosa García RodríguezElisa Gómez Torrijos

Abstract

β-Lactam antibiotics are the most common trigger of reactions in children with most of them being nonimmediate (85.5%), but proven allergy after the allergological workup is between 7% and 10%. There is no agreement on how to perform the provocation tests in these types of hypersensitivity reactions. To determine whether or not repeated doses of the β-lactams are required to reproduce a nonimmediate reaction in children. This is a retrospective observational study. We included children under 14 years who were referred for a nonimmediate reaction to β-lactams. All patients underwent a 1-day hospital provocation and were kept under observation at home during the following days for at least the time elapsed between the first dose and the symptoms of the index reaction. If no reaction was triggered, the patient resumed the provocation at home with 2 daily therapeutic doses for an equal of interval time. Ninety-seven patients were included in the study. A positive reaction was recorded in 14 of them (14.4%). The short hospital provocation triggered 3 immediate reactions and 8 delayed reactions. The home rechallenge developed 1 immediate reaction and 2 delayed reactions. Nonimmediate reactions to β-lactams in children may be triggere...Continue Reading

Citations

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