Pseudodystonia: A new perspective on an old phenomenon

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Rok BerlotMaja Kojović

Abstract

Pseudodystonia represents a wide range of conditions that mimic dystonia, including disorders of the peripheral nervous system, spinal cord, brainstem, thalamus, cortex and non-neurological conditions such as musculoskeletal diseases. Here, we propose a definition of pseudodystonia and suggest a classification based on underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. We describe phenomenology of different forms of pseudodystonia and point to distinctions between dystonia and pseudodystonia as well as challenging issues that may arise in clinical practice. The term pseudodystonia can be used to describe abnormal postures, repetitive movements or both, in which results of clinical, imaging, laboratory or electrophysiological investigations provide definite explanation of symptoms which is not compatible with dystonia. Pseudodystonia can be classified into non-neurological disorders of the musculoskeletal system, disorders of sensory pathways, disorders of motor pathways and compensatory postures in other neurological diseases. Presence of associated neurological findings in the affected body part is the key towards diagnosis of pseudodystonia. Additional supporting features are the presence of fixed postures, the absence of sensory tric...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 29, 2020·Journal of Movement Disorders·Chan Wook ParkPhil Hyu Lee
Dec 18, 2020·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Rok BerlotMaja Kojović
Feb 23, 2021·Frontiers in Neurology·Lucy FruchtChristopher D Stephen

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