Pseudorabies Virus Infection of Epithelial Cells Leads to Persistent but Aberrant Activation of the NF-κB Pathway, Inhibiting Hallmark NF-κB-Induced Proinflammatory Gene Expression

Journal of Virology
Nicolás RomeroHerman W Favoreel

Abstract

The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a potent transcription factor, activation of which typically results in robust proinflammatory signaling and triggering of fast negative feedback modulators to avoid excessive inflammatory responses. Here, we report that infection of epithelial cells, including primary porcine respiratory epithelial cells, with the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) results in the gradual and persistent activation of NF-κB, illustrated by proteasome-dependent degradation of the inhibitory NF-κB regulator IκB and nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit p65. PRV-induced persistent activation of NF-κB does not result in expression of negative feedback loop genes, like the gene for IκBα or A20, and does not trigger expression of prototypical proinflammatory genes, like the gene for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, PRV infection inhibits TNF-α-induced canonical NF-κB activation. Hence, PRV infection triggers persistent NF-κB activation in an unorthodox way and dramatically modulates the NF-κB signaling axis, preventing typical proinflammatory gene expression and the responsiveness of cells to canonical NF-κB signaling, which may aid t...Continue Reading

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