PMID: 8599392Apr 1, 1996Paper

Psychotherapists' duties to third parties: Ramona and beyond

The American Journal of Psychiatry
P S Appelbaum, R Zoltek-Jick

Abstract

This paper explores the implications for psychotherapy of a series of court cases involving suspected childhood sexual abuse that have raised the question of when psychiatrists and other psychotherapists can be sued by third parties for their behavior in therapy. The authors begin by considering traditional legal approaches that until now, with few exceptions, granted only patients the right to sue caregivers for negligence. Then they turn to Ramona v. Ramona, the most publicized of a new line of cases, in which the California courts allowed a father accused of abusing his daughter to sue his daughter's therapists. The rationale for the abandonment of the previous restrictions on liability in Ramona was that since the father was a "direct victim" of the therapists' negligence, traditional limitations on the therapists' duties toward him should not apply. Related cases have used similar logic. Inherently difficult for the courts to apply, the direct victim standard would leave therapists unclear as to how to avoid duties to third parties, other than by refusing to treat patients with family members who may be potential litigants. Moreover, aggrieved third parties essentially would have the power to bring effective treatment to a...Continue Reading

Citations

Apr 1, 1997·Journal of Personality Disorders·B Maughan, M Rutter
Jun 15, 2007·Comprehensive Psychiatry·Carol I Tsao, Joseph B Layde
Oct 26, 2002·Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America·Peter Ash
Dec 10, 1997·Journal of Traumatic Stress·J L Herman, M R Harvey
Apr 11, 2002·International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology·K Gutierrez-LobosB Scmhid-Siegel
Oct 17, 1998·Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie·A Furlong, M S Lefebvre

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