Pulmonary irritation after inhalation exposure to benzalkonium chloride in rats

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Radosław SwierczWanda Majcherek

Abstract

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) with a C8 to C18 chain length of alkyl groups. Since BAC exerts toxic effects on microorganisms, it has been used as an effective germicide and preservative, mostly in cosmetic industry and medicine. However, the toxic potential of BAC may be hazardous to humans, due to the common use of preparations containing BAC as a preservative. To assess the possible toxic effects of BAC, two-stage experiments were performed on female Wistar rats. At first, LC50 after a single exposure to BAC aerosol was determined. Then, the animals were exposed to BAC aerosol at 30 mg/m3 for 6 h, and for 3 days (6 h/day). The controls were unexposed rats. Directly after BAC exposure and 18 h afterwards, BALF concentrations were measured of total protein, Clara cell protein, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), hyaluronic acid (HA), immunoglobulin E (IgE) and cytokines (TF-alpha, IL-6 and MIP-20), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and GSH-S-transferase (GST). The LC50 value for exposed rats was ca. 53 mg BAC in m3 air for 4 h. All the rats survived single and repeated inhalation exposure to 30 mg/m3 BAC. After single and repeated exposure, lung weight, total protein, HA and LDH activity in BALF...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 25, 2012·Journal of Toxicologic Pathology·Toshinori YoshidaTakanori Harada
Mar 30, 2013·Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology : Official Journal of the Gesellschaft Für Toxikologische Pathologie·Aya Ohnuma-KoyamaTakanori Harada
Dec 23, 2011·Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology·Søren T LarsenGunnar D Nielsen
Sep 25, 2012·Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery·Zachary BodnarNick Mamalis
Nov 30, 2013·International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health·Radosław SwierczWanda Majcherek
May 7, 2020·Occupational Medicine·Aseni Wickramatillake, Changa Kurukularatne

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