PMID: 3757966Oct 1, 1986Paper

Pulmonary response to impaired lung clearance in rats following excessive TiO2 dust deposition

Environmental Research
K P LeeC F Reinhardt

Abstract

Rats were exposed to TiO2 by the inhalation route at concentrations of 0, 10, 50, or 250 mg/m3 for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. Lung weights of rats at 10 mg/m3 were within normal limits after 2 years exposure. Lung weights increased significantly after 6 months at 50 mg/m3 and after 3 months at 250 mg/m3. After 2 years exposure, TiO2 retention in dried lung was 3.1% (26.5 mg per lung) at 10 mg/m3, 16.9% (124 mg per lung) at 50 mg/m3, and 28% (665 mg per lung) at 250 mg/m3. Lung clearance mechanisms appeared to be overloaded at 250 mg/m3. Dust particles were retained in the lung in a dose-related fashion, but there was no significant difference in lung clearance rate between 10 and 50 mg/m3. Lung response at 10 mg/m3 satisfied the biological criteria for a "nuisance dust," while adverse effects resulting from gradually accumulated particles (8.1%, 67.7 mg per lung) were found after 1 year of exposure to 50 mg/m3. An early pulmonary response indicating an overloaded lung clearance mechanism was manifested by massive accumulation of dust-laden macrophages (dust cells), foamy dust cells, free particles, or cellular debris derived from disintegrated foamy dust cells in the alveoli adjacent to the alveolar ducts. Alveolar prot...Continue Reading

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