Pulmonary toxicity following inhalation exposure to VX in anesthetized rats: Possible roles for compromised immunity and oxidative stress-induced lung injury

Experimental Lung Research
Alfred M Sciuto, Xinqi Peng

Abstract

The nerve agent VX is one of the most deadly threat agents available in weapons stockpiles for intentional release. While mostly considered a percutaneous toxicant, it can be fatal when aerosolized. The objective of this study was to investigate toxic responses in the lung up to two weeks following a single 10-minute exposure to inhaled VX. Anesthetized rats were exposed singly and only once to VX. The nebulization rate in this system was 0.2-0.3 ml per minute with the delivery of a consistent particle size of 2.1 µm. Following exposure, all rats were removed from the ventilator and allowed to recover in the glovebox for 10-15 minutes. Results showed that inhaled VX altered several respiratory parameters and caused increased lung resistance up to 6 h post-exposure (PE). There was a trending increase in SOD and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activities, both of which are indicative of oxidative stress. Based on increased lung tissue p38 signaling, MAP kinase expression was activated after VX exposure. IL-6 expression was also increased at 6 h post-inhalation for the 31.6 mg/m3 exposed group. Innate survival response mechanisms in rats may be present due to increased lung tissue mRNA AChE expression 6 h after exposure. Immunohisto...Continue Reading

References

Apr 1, 1991·Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·R C GuptaW D Dettbarn
Jul 1, 1991·Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·P LaineeG Benchetrit
Jul 1, 1990·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·C N OliverR A Floyd
Feb 1, 1990·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J S BeckmanB A Freeman
Nov 2, 1987·FEBS Letters·C A Colton, D L Gilbert
May 1, 1995·Toxicologic Pathology·L Tryphonas, J G Clement
Dec 16, 1998·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·A S KristofS N Hussain
Dec 26, 2001·American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology·Javier J ZuluetaPaul M Hassoun
Sep 6, 2003·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·J Scott McNallyDavid G Harrison
Mar 9, 2004·American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology·Jeffrey H SchwartzBruce A Freeman
Jun 7, 2005·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Xinqi PengPaul M Hassoun
Mar 25, 2006·Inhalation Toxicology·Benjamin S WrightMadhusoodana P Nambiar
Sep 12, 2006·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·N YanagisawaT Nakajima
Jul 4, 2007·Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society·Amy M PastvaKristi L Williams
Aug 12, 2008·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·P M MacFarlaneG S Mitchell
Sep 13, 2008·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·Stephen R ReevesDavid Gozal
Nov 6, 2008·The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics·William P FawcettEdson X Albuquerque
Oct 10, 2009·International Journal of Toxicology·Michele L ContiMadhusoodana P Nambiar
May 8, 2010·Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·L R Forbes, A Haczku
Jun 16, 2010·Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry·Guy C Brown
Oct 18, 2011·Toxicology Letters·G RamaRao, B K Bhattacharya
Sep 18, 2012·Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods·Jennifer L CollinsAlfred M Sciuto
Mar 13, 2014·American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology·Sofie L JohanssonGrith L Sorensen
Apr 29, 2014·Inhalation Toxicology·Xinqi PengAlfred M Sciuto
May 7, 2014·Annals of Internal Medicine·Yossi RosmanMichael Kassirer
Jun 4, 2014·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Mark D TurnerDaniel J Pennington
Aug 20, 2016·Experimental Lung Research·Makoto MurataHiroki Takahashi

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 1, 2021·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·E WigenstamL Thors

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.