Pulsed electromagnetic fields inhibit osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 macrophages via suppression of the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway
Abstract
When bone resorption, aided by the activity of osteoclasts, exceeds bone formation induced by osteoblasts, bone metabolism loses equilibration, which results in the development of bone diseases, including osteoporosis. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are known to be involved in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, the exact mechanism of action of osteoclasts remains poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of PEMFs on osteoclast differentiation and associated signaling pathways were systematically investigated in RAW264.7 macrophages. RAW264.7 cells were induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand (RANKL) to obtain osteoclasts in vitro. The results of the present study demonstrated that PEMF exposure decreased osteoclast formation, limited tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase activity, contracted bone resorption area and inhibited osteoclastic specific gene and protein expression. Furthermore, western blot analysis indicated that PEMFs distinctly abolished the upregulation of phosphorylated‑protein kinase B (Akt), ‑mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ‑ribosome S6 protein kinase (p70S6K) induced by RANKL, which was consistent with ...Continue Reading
References
TRANCE, a TNF family member, activates Akt/PKB through a signaling complex involving TRAF6 and c-Src
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis