Putative Survival Advantages in Young Apolipoprotein ɛ4 Carriers are Associated with Increased Neural Stress

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD
Carr J SmithThomas A Perfetti

Abstract

Inheritance of a single copy of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele increases risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by 3-4-fold, with homozygosity associated with a 12-16-fold increase in risk, relative to ɛ3 allele homozygosity. There is a decreased risk associated with the APOE ɛ2 allele. The pathological consequence of APOE genotype has led to intense efforts to understand the mechanistic basis of the interplay between APOE status and loss of synapses. Numerous ɛ4 allele-related associations have been reported with the potential relevance of these associations to the pathogenesis of AD unknown at this time. In primarily young subjects, we have reviewed a representative body of literature on ɛ4 allele-associations related to the following: cardiovascular responses; impacts on reproduction and fetal development; co-morbidities; resistance to infectious disease; responses to head injury; biochemical differences possibly related to neural stress; and brain structure-function differences. In addition, the literature on the association between the ɛ4 allele and cognitive performance has been reviewed comprehensively. The weight-of-the-evidence supports the hypothesis that possession of the ancestral ɛ4 allele in youth is associated w...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 29, 2020·Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology·Sepideh TabarestaniDanielle M Andrade
Sep 29, 2020·JAMA Network Open·Hana D'SouzaUNKNOWN London Down Syndrome (LonDownS) Consortium
Jun 15, 2019·Journal of Molecular Evolution·Marios Kyriazis
Jul 13, 2020·Research in Developmental Disabilities·Michael S C ThomasUNKNOWN LonDownS Consortium
Jul 6, 2020·Environment International·Ajda TrdinIngrid Falnoga
Jan 19, 2021·Human Molecular Genetics·Kevin Esoh, Ambroise Wonkam
Nov 21, 2020·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Mengtian DuPaola Sebastiani
Mar 9, 2021·JAD Reports·Steven Lehrer, Peter H Rheinstein

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping
PCR
amputation
amputations

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