Qualitative and quantitative analyses of virtually all subtypes of influenza A and B viral neuraminidases using antibodies targeting the universally conserved sequences

Vaccine
Caroline GravelXuguang Li

Abstract

Neuraminidase-induced immune responses are correlated with protection of humans and animals from influenza. However, the amounts of neuraminidase in influenza vaccines are yet to be standardized. Thus, a simple method capable of quantifying neuraminidase would be desirable. Here we identified two universally conserved sequences in all influenza A and B neuraminidases, one representing a novel finding of nearly 100% conservation near the enzymatically active site. Antibodies generated against the two highly conserved sequences bound to all nine subtypes of influenza A neuraminidase and demonstrated remarkable specificity against the viral neuraminidase sequences without any cross-reactivity with allantoic and cellular proteins. Importantly, employing these antibodies for the analyses of vaccines from eight manufacturers using the same vaccine seeds revealed marked variations of neuraminidase levels in addition to considerable differences between lots from the same producer. The reasons for the absence or low level of neuraminidase in vaccine preparations are complex and could be multi-factorial. The antibody-based assays reported here could be of practical value for better vaccine quality control.

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Citations

May 21, 2013·Trends in Microbiology·Kanta Subbarao, Yumiko Matsuoka
Jul 28, 2013·Virology Journal·Masanori TerajimaFrancis A Ennis
Dec 20, 2015·Future Microbiology·Marios KoutsakosKatherine Kedzierska
Nov 27, 2014·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Cécile van ElsFredrik Oftung
Apr 26, 2013·Vaccine·Lindsay ElmgrenDavid Wood
Aug 9, 2011·Vaccine·Marta Granström, Albertha C G Voordouw
Oct 5, 2013·Antiviral Research·Tracey M DoyleXuguang Li
Jul 7, 2016·Journal of Medical Virology·Anitha JagadeshGovindakarnavar Arunkumar
Feb 14, 2017·Angewandte Chemie·Zhizeng GaoStephen G Withers
May 16, 2014·Journal of Virology·Francisco Miguel CardosoXavier Saelens
Jun 15, 2014·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Anwar M HashemXuguang Li
Nov 17, 2011·Expert Review of Vaccines·Bert E Johansson, Manon M J Cox
May 28, 2021·PloS One·David F ZeiglerChristopher H Clegg

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