Quality Control of Membraneless Organelles

Journal of Molecular Biology
Simon Alberti, Serena Carra

Abstract

The formation of membraneless organelles (MLOs) by phase separation has emerged as a new way of organizing the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of cells. Examples of MLOs forming via phase separation are nucleoli in the nucleus and stress granules in the cytoplasm. The main components of these MLOs are macromolecules such as RNAs and proteins. In order to assemble by phase separation, these proteins and RNAs have to undergo many cooperative interactions. These cooperative interactions are supported by specific molecular features within phase-separating proteins, such as multivalency and the presence of disordered domains that promote weak and transient interactions. However, these features also predispose phase-separating proteins to aberrant behavior. Indeed, evidence is emerging for a strong link between phase-separating proteins, MLOs, and age-related diseases. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the formation, properties, and functions of MLOs. We pay special attention to the emerging link between MLOs and age-related diseases, and we explain how changes in the composition and physical properties of MLOs promote their conversion into an aberrant state. Furthermore, we discuss the key role of the protein qua...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 30, 2018·Genesis : the Journal of Genetics and Development·Shaughna LangerakJennifer A Schisa
Dec 13, 2018·Molecular Biology of the Cell·Youjun WuErik E Griffin
Mar 27, 2019·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology·Isabel LamVikram Khurana
Aug 21, 2019·Annual Review of Genetics·Simon Alberti, Dorothee Dormann
May 16, 2019·ELife·Christoph WeberL Mahadevan
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Feb 23, 2020·Neurobiology of Disease·Silvia LuottiValentina Bonetto
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Jan 30, 2021·Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology·Simon Alberti, Anthony A Hyman
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Nov 25, 2021·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Yun-Yi LuoYan-Mei Li
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