Quantifying effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning across times and places

Ecology Letters
Forest IsbellBernhard Schmid

Abstract

Biodiversity loss decreases ecosystem functioning at the local scales at which species interact, but it remains unclear how biodiversity loss affects ecosystem functioning at the larger scales of space and time that are most relevant to biodiversity conservation and policy. Theory predicts that additional insurance effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning could emerge across time and space if species respond asynchronously to environmental variation and if species become increasingly dominant when and where they are most productive. Even if only a few dominant species maintain ecosystem functioning within a particular time and place, ecosystem functioning may be enhanced by many different species across many times and places (β-diversity). Here, we develop and apply a new approach to estimate these previously unquantified insurance effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning that arise due to species turnover across times and places. In a long-term (18-year) grassland plant diversity experiment, we find that total insurance effects are positive in sign and substantial in magnitude, amounting to 19% of the net biodiversity effect, mostly due to temporal insurance effects. Species loss can therefore reduce ecosystem ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 31, 2020·Ecology Letters·Andrew GonzalezMichel Loreau
Mar 5, 2020·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Christopher P CatanoJonathan A Myers
Sep 10, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Enrique ValenciaLars Götzenberger
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Mar 16, 2021·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Patrick L ThompsonAndrew Gonzalez
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May 5, 2021·Ecology Letters·Adam Thomas ClarkStanley Harpole
May 21, 2021·BMC Ecology and Evolution·Guillaume RheaultRaphaël Proulx
Jun 4, 2021·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Michel LoreauLaura E Dee
Jun 19, 2021·Nature Communications·Luz BoyeroCatherine M Yule
Jun 26, 2021·Nature Plants·Jianguo ChenChristian Schöb

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