Quantifying molecular tension - Classifications, interpretations and limitations of force sensors

Physical Biology
Adam Bryce YasunagaIsaac T S Li

Abstract

Molecular force sensors have grown to become an important tool to study the mechanobiology of cells and tissues. They provide a minimally invasive means to optically report mechanical interactions at the molecular level. One of the challenges in molecular force sensor studies is the interpretation of the fluorescence readout. In this review, we divide existing molecular force sensors into three classes based on the force-sensing mechanism (reversibility) and the signal output (analog/digital). From single-molecule force spectroscopy perspectives, we provided a critical discussion on how the sensors respond to force and how the different sensor designs affect the interpretation of their fluorescence readout. Lastly, the review focuses on the limitations and attention one must pay in designing molecular force sensors and biological experiments using them; in terms of their tunability, signal-to-noise ratio, and perturbation of the biological system under investigation.

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Citations

Jun 18, 2020·Journal of Cell Science·Tejeshwar C RaoAlexa L Mattheyses
Nov 17, 2020·Macromolecular Rapid Communications·Hanna TraegerStephen Schrettl
Dec 8, 2020·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·Badri Narayanan NarasimhanJenny Malmström
Dec 17, 2020·Sensors·Ying Tu, Xuefeng Wang
Feb 20, 2021·Physical Review. E·Ramu Kumar Yadav, Rajeev Kapri
Apr 4, 2021·Cells·Ashwini ShindeTuhin Subhra Santra
May 2, 2021·Biophysical Journal·Adam B YasunagaIsaac T S Li
Aug 20, 2021·Science Advances·Adam B Yasunaga, Isaac T S Li
Aug 29, 2021·Polymers·Zhuonan Yu, Kuo-Kang Liu

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