PMID: 9523765Apr 2, 1998Paper

Quantitative evaluation of opioid withdrawal signs in rats repeatedly treated with morphine and injected with naloxone, in the absence or presence of the antiabstinence agent clonidine

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
A Pinelli, S Trivulzio

Abstract

An opioid withdrawal syndrome was induced in rats by repeated morphine administration and final naloxone injection. The withdrawal causes alteration of several physiological signs. The aim of the study was to describe a quantitative opioid abstinence syndrome to validate the methodology by utilizing clonidine, a well-known antiwithdrawal agent, and propose the procedure for the screening of antiabstinence drugs. In particular, rats were treated with saline, morphine, naloxone, morphine and naloxone and four doses of clonidine (0, 0.04, 0.1, and 0.25 mg/kg orally). In rats repeatedly exposed to morphine and then injected with naloxone, signs like excretion of feces and urine, salivation, behavioral jumping and wet dog shakes, rectal temperature, and pain threshold have been observed. Consequently, the objective symptoms observed in morphine plus naloxone-treated animals have been taken as markers of opioid withdrawal. These factors have been quantitatively measured and grouped to form a standardized procedure of opioid abstinence syndrome. In addition, it is possible to observe that the antiabstinence drug clonidine exerted effects on modified physiological signs appearing in morphine-dependent rats treated with naloxone, like f...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 13, 2004·European Journal of Pharmacology·Umit Kazim OzdoganMika Scheinin
Jan 9, 2014·Drug Metabolism and Disposition : the Biological Fate of Chemicals·Rita Nieto MontesinosYann Pellequer
Feb 7, 2002·The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·Sebastian Jungnickel, Loris A Chahl
Dec 15, 2020·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·Olivia UddinNathan Cramer

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