PMID: 8950653Nov 1, 1996Paper

Quasisteady behavior of pulsatile, confined, counterflowing jets: implications for the assessment of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
Randall Y. GrimesA P Yoganathan

Abstract

Mitral and tricuspid regurgitation create turbulent jets within the atria. Clinically, for the purpose of estimating regurgitant severity, jet size is assumed to be proportional to peak jet flow rate and regurgitant volume. Unfortunately, the relationship is more complex because the determinants of jet size include interactions between jet pulsatility, jet momentum, atrial width, and the velocity of ambient atrial counterflows. These effects on fluorescent jet penetration were measured using an in vitro simulation. Both steady and pulsatile jets were driven into an opposing counterflow velocity field peak jet length (Ljp) measurements made as a function of (1) peak orifice velocity (Ujp), (2) the time required for the jet to accelerate from zero to peak velocity and begin to decelerate (Tjp), (3) jet orifice diameter (Dj), (4) counterflow velocity (Uc), and (5) counterflow tube diameter (Dc). A compact mathematical description was developed using dimensional analysis. Results showed that peak jet length was a function of the counterflow tube diameter, the ratio of peak jet to counterflow momentum, (Mjp/Mc) = (U2jpD2j)/(U2cD2c), and a previously undescribed jet pulsatility parameter, the pulsatility index (PI), PI = D2c/(TjpUjpD...Continue Reading

References

Apr 1, 1992·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·S M NidorfA E Weyman
Apr 1, 1991·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·E G CapeR A Levine
Jan 1, 1989·Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography·J S Simonson, N B Schiller
Aug 1, 1989·International Journal of Cardiology·R Ferrari, G Agnoletti
Jan 1, 1989·Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography·J G Stevenson
Mar 1, 1989·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·M G SpainA N DeMaria
Aug 1, 1983·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·J A Melin, L C Becker
Jan 1, 1995·Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology·R Y GrimesA P Yoganathan
Mar 15, 1993·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·E G CapeR A Levine

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