Racial Disparities and Preventive Measures to Renal Cell Carcinoma.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Jennifer N SimsPaul B Tchounwou

Abstract

Kidney cancer ranks among the top 10 cancers in the United States. Although it affects both male and female populations, it is more common in males. The prevalence rate of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which represents about 85% of kidney cancers, has been increasing gradually in many developed countries. Family history has been considered as one of the most relevant risk factors for kidney cancer, although most forms of an inherited predisposition for RCC only account for less than four percent. Lifestyle and other factors such as occupational exposure, high blood pressure, poor diet, and heavy cigarette smoking are highly associated with its incidence and mortality rates. In the United States, White populations have the lowest prevalence of RCC compared to other ethnic groups, while Black Americans suffer disproportionally from the adverse effects of RCC. Hence, this review article aims at identifying the major risk factors associated with RCC and highlighting the new therapeutic approaches for its control/prevention. To achieve this specific aim, articles in peer-reviewed journals with a primary focus on risk factors related to kidney cancer and on strategies to reduce RCC were identified. The review was systematically conduct...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 22, 2021·European Urology Focus·Christoph WürnschimmelPierre I Karakiewicz
Jun 2, 2021·American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book·Jeannie Hoffman-CensitsChana Weinstock

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Cancer disparities refers to differences in cancer outcomes (e.g., number of cancer cases, related health complications) across population groups.

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