Racial/Ethnic Differences in Childhood Blood Lead Levels Among Children <72 Months of Age in the United States: a Systematic Review of the Literature

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
Brandi M WhiteCharles Ellis

Abstract

Childhood lead poisoning is a serious public health problem with long-term adverse effects. Healthy People 2020's environmental health objective aims to reduce childhood blood lead levels; however, efforts may be hindered by potential racial/ethnic differences. Recent recommendations have lowered the blood lead reference level. This review examined racial/ethnic differences in blood lead levels among children under 6 years of age. We completed a search of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases for published works from 2002 to 2012. We identified studies that reported blood lead levels and the race/ethnicity of at least two groups. Ten studies met inclusion criteria for the review. Blood lead levels were most frequently reported for black, white, and Hispanic children. Six studies examined levels between blacks, whites, and Hispanics and two between blacks and whites. Studies reporting mean lead levels among black, whites, and Hispanics found that blacks had the highest mean blood lead level. Additionally, studies reporting blood lead ranges found that black children were more likely to have elevated levels. Studies suggest that black children have higher blood lead levels compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Future studies a...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 19, 2017·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Howard W MielkeEric T Powell
Feb 27, 2018·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Marissa SobolewskiDeborah A Cory-Slechta
Mar 4, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Deniz YeterMichael Aschner
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Apr 15, 2021·Environmental Research·Jose R Suarez-LopezUNKNOWN International Society for Children's Health and the Environment
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Nov 29, 2020·Neurotoxicology·Damaris Albores-GarciaTomás R Guilarte

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