Radiance and photon noise: imaging in geometrical optics, physical optics, quantum optics and radiology

Optical Engineering : the Journal of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers
Luca CaucciHarrison H Barrett

Abstract

The statistics of detector outputs produced by an imaging system are derived from basic radiometric concepts and definitions. We show that a fundamental way of describing a photon-limited imaging system is in terms of a Poisson random process in spatial, angular, and wavelength variables. We begin the paper by recalling the concept of radiance in geometrical optics, radiology, physical optics, and quantum optics. The propagation and conservation laws for radiance in each of these domains are reviewed. Building upon these concepts, we distinguish four categories of imaging detectors that all respond in some way to the incident radiance, including the new category of photon-processing detectors (capable of measuring radiance on a photon-by-photon basis). This allows us to rigorously show how the concept of radiance is related to the statistical properties of detector outputs and to the information content of a single detected photon. A Monte-Carlo technique, which is derived from the Boltzmann transport equation, is presented as a way to estimate probability density functions to be used in reconstruction from photon-processing data.

References

Jul 1, 1990·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and Image Science·H H Barrett
Dec 1, 1987·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and Image Science·K J Myers, H H Barrett
May 1, 1987·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and Image Science·R D FieteK J Myers
Nov 14, 1997·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·H H BarrettL C Parra
Jun 5, 1998·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·H H BarrettE Clarkson
Aug 4, 1998·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·L Parra, H H Barrett
Nov 16, 2006·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·Harrison H BarrettChristopher Dainty
Jan 9, 2007·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·Keith A Nugent
Sep 22, 2003·Optics Express·K NugentA Roberts
Sep 4, 2009·Journal of Biomedical Optics·Anthony A TanbakuchiArthur F Gmitro
Jan 29, 2010·IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science·Harrison H BarrettLars R Furenlid
Sep 9, 2010·IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science·Jacob Y HestermanLars R Furenlid
Jun 8, 2012·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·Luca Caucci, Harrison H Barrett
Dec 4, 2012·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·Abhinav K JhaHarrison H Barrett
Dec 4, 2012·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·Abhinav K JhaJohn H Hartman
Oct 25, 2013·Biomedical Optics Express·Abhinav K JhaMatthew A Kupinski
Jan 8, 2015·Physics in Medicine and Biology·Harrison H BarrettMark P Little
Jul 15, 2015·Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment·Brian W MillerLars R Furenlid
Aug 12, 2012·Proceedings of SPIE·Brian W MillerLars R Furenlid
Aug 1, 2000·IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record·L R FurenlidH H Barrett

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Citations

Apr 4, 2017·Medical Physics·Yijun DingHarrison H Barrett
Jun 30, 2018·PloS One·Nick HenscheidHarrison H Barrett
Aug 31, 2019·Physics in Medicine and Biology·L CaucciH H Barrett
Nov 19, 2017·Scientific Reports·Yijun DingHarrison H Barrett

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