PMID: 11903795Mar 21, 2002Paper

Radiation damage of water in environmental scanning electron microscopy

Journal of Microscopy
C P RoyallA M Donald

Abstract

Specimen damage from the electron beam poses a considerable problem with electron microscopy. This damage is particularly acute in environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) for two reasons. Firstly, owing to its ability to stabilise insulating and hydrated specimens, ESEM lends itself to polymeric and biological materials that are typically highly beam-sensitive. Secondly, water acts as a source of small, highly mobile free radicals, which accelerate specimen degradation. By taking the results of single-particle simulations of electron-water interactions, we determine the concentration of reactive species in a water specimen under ESEM conditions. We consider 12 species, which are produced in a Gaussian distribution, and annihilate according to a second-order reaction scheme. Self-diffusion along the concentration gradient is also modelled. We find that the dominant reactive species is the hydroxyl (.OH) radical. Annihilation of this species is suppressed due to the lower concentration of reactants. The relatively stable hydrogen peroxide is also found at large concentrations. By comparing two beam energies, 5 and 25 keV, we find a drastic increase in the quantities of reactive species produced with beam energy. The lon...Continue Reading

Citations

May 3, 2013·Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada·Eva TihlaříkováMakoto Shiojiri
Nov 19, 2015·ACS Nano·Nalan LivJacob P Hoogenboom
Oct 3, 2014·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Qingyu ZhangMingfang Zhu
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Oct 13, 2005·International Endodontic Journal·L BergmansP Lambrechts
Feb 7, 2009·Journal of Microscopy·A ZankelE Ingolic
Jul 16, 2010·Journal of Microscopy·J E McGregor, A M Donald
Sep 23, 2014·Microscopy Research and Technique·Vilém NedělaJiří Hřib
Oct 29, 2013·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·José María AlonsoAlexander M Bittner
May 6, 2015·Faraday Discussions·Casper Kunstmann-OlsenMathias Brust
Dec 12, 2003·Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·Debbie J Stokes
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Jun 10, 2021·Nature Communications·Pierre LecointreDavid Quéré
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Apr 26, 2017·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Z Barkay, E Bormashenko
May 14, 2003·Biomacromolecules·Aline F Miller, Athene M Donald

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