Ralstonia solanacearum uses inorganic nitrogen metabolism for virulence, ATP production, and detoxification in the oxygen-limited host xylem environment

MBio
Beth L DalsingCaitilyn Allen

Abstract

Genomic data predict that, in addition to oxygen, the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum can use nitrate (NO3(-)), nitrite (NO2(-)), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N2O) as terminal electron acceptors (TEAs). Genes encoding inorganic nitrogen reduction were highly expressed during tomato bacterial wilt disease, when the pathogen grows in xylem vessels. Direct measurements found that tomato xylem fluid was low in oxygen, especially in plants infected by R. solanacearum. Xylem fluid contained ~25 mM NO3(-), corresponding to R. solanacearum's optimal NO3(-) concentration for anaerobic growth in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that R. solanacearum uses inorganic nitrogen species to respire and grow during pathogenesis by making deletion mutants that each lacked a step in nitrate respiration (ΔnarG), denitrification (ΔaniA, ΔnorB, and ΔnosZ), or NO detoxification (ΔhmpX). The ΔnarG, ΔaniA, and ΔnorB mutants grew poorly on NO3(-) compared to the wild type, and they had reduced adenylate energy charge levels under anaerobiosis. While NarG-dependent NO3(-) respiration directly enhanced growth, AniA-dependent NO2(-) reduction did not. NO2(-) and NO inhibited growth in culture, and their removal depended on denitrifica...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 24, 2016·Environmental Microbiology·Simon LeonardSylvie Reverchon
Sep 17, 2017·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Pongdet PiromyouNeung Teaumroong
Dec 13, 2018·Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions : MPMI·Xun HuHuasong Zou
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Mar 13, 2019·Frontiers in Plant Science·Stefanie MückeJens Boch
Sep 20, 2018·Bio-protocol·Devanshi KhokhaniCaitilyn Allen

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GMI1000

Methods Mentioned

BETA
biosensing
PCR

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