Randomized clinical trials in the evaluation of surgical innovation

Journal of Neurosurgery
S J Haines

Abstract

Randomized clinical trials are widely accepted as the standard for evaluation of therapeutic innovation in many fields of medicine. The three basic components of such trials (concurrent comparison, random allocation, and objective observation) are designed to control four forms of bias (chronology bias, susceptibility bias, compliance bias, and observation bias) that may interfere with the interpretation of the results of a study. Only 2% of the articles evaluating therapeutic maneuvers published in the Journal of Neurosurgery have attempted to use concurrent controls. Only one of 863 such articles met the criteria for a randomized clinical trial. Reasons for underutilization of such trials in neurosurgery are discussed and suggestions for their wider use are offered.

References

Mar 1, 1977·Archives of Surgery·G W Chodak, M E Plaut
Mar 1, 1976·Journal of Chronic Diseases·S J Pocock
Jul 8, 1976·The New England Journal of Medicine·D P ByarJ H Ware
Dec 1, 1976·Journal of Neurosurgery·P R SchwetschenauA N Martins
Sep 1, 1976·Journal of Neurosurgery·J L Venes
Dec 1, 1975·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·J W Love
Jan 1, 1976·Journal of Neurosurgery·K OttN Papadakis
Apr 7, 1975·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·D H Spodick
Apr 7, 1975·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·J W Love
Aug 1, 1973·Journal of Neurosurgery·R G Ramsey, W N Brand
Jul 13, 1972·The New England Journal of Medicine·F J Ingelfinger
Jul 13, 1972·The New England Journal of Medicine·T C ChalmersS Lee
Jan 24, 1974·The New England Journal of Medicine·E A Gehan, E J Freireich
Dec 12, 1974·The New England Journal of Medicine·M C Weinstein
Jan 1, 1971·Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology·J Stadaas, S Aune
Jan 1, 1970·Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. Supplement·T Duckworth, B H Brown
Mar 18, 1967·British Medical Journal·G BrocklehurstW Lewin
Jul 1, 1971·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·A R Feinstein
Sep 1, 1971·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·A R Feinstein
Dec 23, 1978·Lancet·Rainer Burkhardt, Gerhard Kienle
Aug 30, 1958·Journal of the American Medical Association·W MODELL, R W HOUDE
Sep 1, 1959·Journal of Chronic Diseases·J P BULL
Jul 24, 1952·The New England Journal of Medicine·A B HILL
Aug 23, 1929·Science·R Pearl
Feb 1, 1963·Archives of Disease in Childhood·W JohnA M Bruce
Dec 1, 1976·Aesthetic Plastic Surgery·B O Rogers

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 1, 1996·Inflammatory Bowel Diseases·R S McLeod
Jan 1, 1982·Acta neurochirurgica·E PásztorM Horváth
Jan 1, 1993·Diseases of the Colon and Rectum·M J Solomon, R S McLeod
Mar 29, 1986·British Medical Journal·S Challah, N B Mays
Oct 1, 1980·Journal of Neurosurgery·R B HaynesC G Drake
Apr 1, 1981·Journal of Neurosurgery·N SundaresanH T Thaler
Nov 2, 2001·Seminars in Pediatric Surgery·J E Frader, E Flanagan-Klygis
Apr 2, 2009·Acta neurochirurgica·K SchöllerE Uhl
Jul 1, 2008·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·Pietro RandelliMatteo Denti
Mar 21, 2007·Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons·Sze Lok Lau, Nabil Samman
Jan 31, 2006·The Surgical Clinics of North America·Ingrid BurgerSteven N Goodman
Nov 30, 2006·International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery·S L Lau, N Samman
Feb 28, 2015·Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology·Cecile A Unger, Matthew D Barber
Jun 7, 2006·The Journal of Urology·Blayne WelkAndrew E MacNeily
Apr 18, 1998·The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists·D L OliveA J Morales
Jul 6, 2000·British Journal of Plastic Surgery·G J Offer, A G Perks
Aug 1, 1996·British Journal of Orthodontics·J E HarrisonM A Lennon
Jun 25, 2004·Neurosurgery·George VranosJohn P A Ioannidis
Nov 1, 1984·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·C Warlow
Oct 1, 1980·Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology·L T RobertsonW L Smith
Mar 12, 2002·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume·Mohit BhandariEmil H Schemitsch
Mar 12, 2002·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume·Mohit BhandariPaul Tornetta
Nov 6, 1998·The Medical Journal of Australia·M J Solomon, R S McLeod

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.