Randomized Trial of a High Protein, Partial Meal Replacement Program with or without Alternate Day Fasting: Similar Effects on Weight Loss, Retention Status, Nutritional, Metabolic, and Behavioral Outcomes

Nutrients
Jane BowenManny Noakes

Abstract

Higher-protein diets, meal replacements, and greater early weight loss have separately been associated with greater weight loss. We compared a high-protein, meal replacement program with daily energy restriction (DER) to one which provided greater energy restriction adding alternate day fasting (ADF + DER; alternating days of modified-fasting and DER plus 1 ad libitum day/week) on retention, weight loss, physiological, nutritional, and behavioral markers. Participants were randomized to ADF + DER or DER for 16 weeks (n = 162, age 40 ± 8 years BMI 36 ± 6 kg/m² (Mean ± SD)) plus 8 weeks weight maintenance. At week 16 weight change was -10.7 ± 0.5 kg and -11.2 ± 0.6 kg in ADF + DER and DER groups (treatment NS). Fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, and lean mass (p < 0.05) were similarly reduced between treatments. Weight loss was sustained to 24 weeks (treatment NS). Fasting LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, hsCRP, glucose, and blood pressure all improved (p < 0.05; treatment NS). Transferrin saturation, ferritin, serum zinc, folate, and B12 improved (p < 0.05; treatment NS). Plasma thiamine and vitamin D levels decreased, reflecting lower carbohydrate intakes and seasonal changes, respectively. Food cravings, quality of lif...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 22, 2020·High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention : the Official Journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension·Hamed Kord-VarkanehParvin Mirmiran
Jan 30, 2021·Current Obesity Reports·Maura FantiSebastian Brandhorst
Jan 30, 2021·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Mohammed AllafAbbas Dehghan
Dec 29, 2020·Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD·Shuhao LinKrista A Varady
Feb 6, 2020·Physiology & Behavior·Kai LiuLeonie K Heilbronn
Aug 6, 2021·Experimental Gerontology·Xiao Tong Teong, Leonie K Heilbronn

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