Range uncertainty in proton therapy due to variable biological effectiveness.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
Alejandro CarabeHarald Paganetti

Abstract

Traditionally, dose in proton radiotherapy is prescribed as Gy(RBE) by scaling up the physical dose by 10%. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons is considered to vary with dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LET(d)), dose (d) and (α/β)(x). The increase of RBE with depth causes a shift of the falloff of the beam, i.e. a change of the beam range. The magnitude of this shift will depend on dose and (α/β)(x). The aim of this project was to quantify the dependence of the range shift on these parameters. Three double-scattered beams of different ranges incident on a computational phantom consisting of different regions of interest (ROIs) were used. Each ROI was assigned with (α/β)(x) values between 0.5 and 20 Gy. The distribution of LET(d) within each ROI was obtained from a Monte Carlo simulation. The LET(d) distribution depends on the beam energy and thus its nominal range. The RBE values within the ROIs were calculated for doses between 1 and 15 Gy using an in-house developed biophysical model. Dose-volume histograms of the RBE-weighted doses were extracted for each ROI for a 'fixed RBE' (RBE = 1.1) and a 'variable RBE' (RBE = f (d, α/β, LET(d))), and the percentage difference in range was obtained from the dif...Continue Reading

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