Rapid evolution of an adaptive cyanogenesis cline in introduced North American white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Molecular Ecology
Nicholas J Kooyers, Kenneth M Olsen

Abstract

White clover is polymorphic for cyanogenesis (HCN production after tissue damage), and this herbivore defence polymorphism has served as a classic model for studying adaptive variation. The cyanogenic phenotype requires two interacting biochemical components; the presence/absence of each component is controlled by a simple Mendelian gene (Ac/ac and Li/li). Climate-associated cyanogenesis clines occur in both native (Eurasian) and introduced populations worldwide, with cyanogenic plants predominating in warmer locations. Moreover, previous studies have suggested that epistatic selection may act within populations to maintain cyanogenic (AcLi) plants and acyanogenic plants that lack both components (acli plants) at the expense of plants possessing a single component (Acli and acLi plants). Here, we examine the roles of selection, gene flow and demography in the evolution of a latitudinal cyanogenesis cline in introduced North American populations. Using 1145 plants sampled across a 1650 km transect, we determine the distribution of cyanogenesis variation across the central United States and investigate whether clinal variation is adaptive or an artefact of population introduction history. We also test for the evidence of epistati...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 25, 2014·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Kenneth M OlsenLinda L Small
Jan 21, 2014·Molecular Ecology·Nicholas J KooyersKenneth M Olsen
Aug 26, 2014·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·N J Kooyers, K M Olsen
May 3, 2012·Molecular Ecology·Matthew S Olson, Nicholas Levsen
Mar 7, 2013·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Francis F Kilkenny, Laura F Galloway
May 7, 2015·The New Phytologist·Eric BaackDaniel Ortiz-Barrientos
Mar 5, 2016·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Ken A Thompson, Marc T J Johnson
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Dec 23, 2016·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Ken A ThompsonMarc T J Johnson
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May 11, 2018·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·James S SantangeloRob W Ness
Sep 5, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Chunlong LiuJonathan M Jeschke
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May 1, 2018·The New Phytologist·Kenneth M Olsen, Linda L Small
Jul 29, 2021·The New Phytologist·Kenneth M OlsenLin-Feng Li

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