Abstract
Agitation is a major problem in acute schizophrenia. Only a few studies have tested antipsychotic agents in severely agitated patients, mainly because of legal issues. Furthermore, most studies were limited to the first 24 hours. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of oral haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine in reducing psychotic agitation in severely agitated patients with schizophrenia or schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder over 96 hours using a prospective, randomized, rater-blinded, controlled design within a naturalistic treatment regimen. In total, 43 severely agitated patients at acute care psychiatric units were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either daily haloperidol 15 mg, olanzapine 20 mg, or risperidone 2 to 6 mg over 5 days. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale psychotic agitation subscale score was the primary outcome variable. A mixed-model analysis was applied. All drugs were effective for rapid tranquilization within 2 hours. Over 5 days, the course differed between agents (P < 0.001), but none was superior. Dropouts occurred only in the risperidone and olanzapine groups. Men responded better to treatment than did women during the initial 2 hours (P = 0.046) as well as ov...Continue Reading
References
Jan 1, 1990·Schizophrenia Bulletin·S R Kay, S Sevy
May 1, 1989·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·T R Barnes
Jan 1, 1987·Schizophrenia Bulletin·S R KayL A Opler
Jan 1, 1970·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum·G M Simpson, J W Angus
Apr 18, 2001·The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry·G W Currier, G M Simpson
Jun 30, 2001·The American Journal of Psychiatry·P WrightA Breier
Mar 3, 2004·The American Journal of Psychiatry·Menahem Krakowski, Pal Czobor
Jul 3, 2004·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·Jacob AlexanderJoncy Philip
Jan 12, 2005·The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry·Jeffrey W SwansonRichard A Van Dorn
Feb 22, 2005·Comprehensive Psychiatry·Mark R SerperRobert Cancro
May 27, 2005·Drugs·John Battaglia
Sep 29, 2007·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Vincenzo VillariFilippo Bogetto
Oct 24, 2007·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Gisele HufUNKNOWN TREC Collaborative Group
Dec 7, 2007·Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health : CP & EMH·Christoph AbderhaldenHans-Joachim Haug
May 23, 2008·Schizophrenia Research·Ofer AgidCynthia Siu
Jul 24, 2008·BMC Psychiatry·Stefan WilhelmThomas Wagner
Sep 3, 2008·Pharmacopsychiatry·M LambertB G Schimmelmann
Nov 18, 2008·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·Bruce J KinonJennifer Sniadecki
Dec 4, 2009·Schizophrenia Bulletin·Julie KreyenbuhlUNKNOWN Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT)
May 18, 2010·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·Wen-Yu HsuNan-Ying Chiu
Jun 5, 2010·Neuropsychobiology·Hyun Kook LimIn Ho Paik
Jan 18, 2011·Psychiatry Research·Cesare Maria CornaggiaFrancesco Barale
Aug 24, 2011·Schizophrenia Bulletin·Peter BuckleyMichael Vitacco
Jan 12, 2012·International Clinical Psychopharmacology·Maosheng FangJing-Ping Zhao
Citations
Feb 26, 2016·The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry·Marina GarrigaEduard Vieta
Aug 2, 2017·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Edoardo G OstinelliClive E Adams
Apr 11, 2018·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Edoardo G OstinelliClive E Adams
Jul 19, 2019·Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice·Eimear Muir-CochraneKaren Grimmer
Sep 10, 2019·International Journal of Mental Health Nursing·Eimear Muir-CochraneKaren Grimmer
Mar 8, 2019·Revista brasileira de psiquiatria : orgão oficial da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Asociación Psiquiátrica de la América Latina·Leonardo BaldaçaraTeng C Tung
Jul 26, 2014·Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses·Peter F Buckley
Feb 26, 2016·Current Opinion in Psychiatry·Mitchell B Crawford, Lynn E DeLisi
Feb 6, 2019·European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·Maarten BakGeert Dom
Nov 22, 2014·Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine·Megan L RanneyDebra E Houry
Aug 23, 2019·Deutsches Ärzteblatt International·Sophie Hirsch, Tilman Steinert
Apr 28, 2021·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology·Sophie HirschErich Flammer
Aug 3, 2021·Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy·Fayçal MouaffakPierre-Michel Llorca
Aug 15, 2021·Neuropsychopharmacology Reports·UNKNOWN Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology
Jan 24, 2018·The Journal of Emergency Medicine·Leslie S Zun