Rapid turnover of effectors in grass powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis).

BMC Evolutionary Biology
Fabrizio MenardoBeat Keller

Abstract

Grass powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis, Ascomycota) is a major pathogen of cereal crops and has become a model organism for obligate biotrophic fungal pathogens of plants. The sequenced genomes of two formae speciales (ff.spp.), B.g. hordei and B.g. tritici (pathogens of barley and wheat), were found to be enriched in candidate effector genes (CEGs). Similar to other filamentous pathogens, CEGs in B. graminis are under positive selection. Additionally, effectors are more likely to have presence-absence polymorphisms than other genes among different strains. Here we identified effectors in the genomes of three additional host-specific lineages of B. graminis (B.g. poae, B.g. avenae and B.g. infecting Lolium) which diverged between 24 and 5 million years ago (Mya). We found that most CEGs in B. graminis are clustered in families and that most families are present in both reference genomes (B.g. hordei and B.g. tritici) and in the genomes of all three newly annotated lineages. We identified conserved protein domains including a novel lipid binding domain. The phylogenetic analysis showed that frequent gene duplications and losses shaped the diversity of the effector repertoires of the different lineages through their evolutionary...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 8, 2018·Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions : MPMI·Jesús Martínez-CruzAlejandro Pérez-García
May 5, 2018·Journal of Perioperative Practice·Ashley McFarlane
Aug 15, 2018·Frontiers in Plant Science·C Joséphine H BlaazerBernardus C J Schimmel
Aug 29, 2018·Annual Review of Phytopathology·Beat KellerSimon G Krattinger
Oct 28, 2019·Frontiers in Plant Science·Tony TwamleyAngela Feechan
Feb 26, 2021·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Beatrice ManserJavier Sánchez-Martín
Sep 28, 2021·Frontiers in Plant Science·Hongbo YuanQian-Hua Shen
Oct 21, 2020·Microbiological Research·Rajdeep JaswalT R Sharma

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
SRP062198
PRJNA183607

Methods Mentioned

BETA
chemical treatments

Software Mentioned

SignalP
mcl
Maker
CAFEv3
ecceTERA
IGV
muscle
RAxML
CAFE
CLC Genomic Workbench

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