Rational design of small molecule fluorescent probes for biological applications.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
Joomyung V JunE James Petersson

Abstract

Fluorescent small molecules are powerful tools for visualizing biological events, embodying an essential facet of chemical biology. Since the discovery of the first organic fluorophore, quinine, in 1845, both synthetic and theoretical efforts have endeavored to "modulate" fluorescent compounds. An advantage of synthetic dyes is the ability to employ modern organic chemistry strategies to tailor chemical structures and thereby rationally tune photophysical properties and functionality of the fluorophore. This review explores general factors affecting fluorophore excitation and emission spectra, molar absorption, Stokes shift, and quantum efficiency; and provides guidelines for chemist to create novel probes. Structure-property relationships concerning the substituents are discussed in detail with examples for several dye families. We also present a survey of functional probes based on PeT, FRET, and environmental or photo-sensitivity, focusing on representative recent work in each category. We believe that a full understanding of dyes with diverse chemical moieties enables the rational design of probes for the precise interrogation of biochemical and biological phenomena.

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Citations

Feb 13, 2021·Viruses·Soumajit MukherjeeHalina Anton
Apr 13, 2021·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Syed Muhammad UsamaMartin J Schnermann
Apr 23, 2021·Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications·Yi Chen
May 25, 2021·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Arusha AcharyyaFeng Gai
Jun 8, 2021·Chemical Science·Le Fang, Michael Watkinson
Jun 25, 2021·Biosensors & Bioelectronics·Jagpreet Singh SidhuNarinder Singh
Oct 26, 2021·Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology·Pankaj E HandeSantosh J Gharpure

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
imaging techniques
fluorescence microscopy
light microscopy
super-resolution microscopy
FRET
acetylation

Software Mentioned

SciFinder
APF

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