Rational Recursion Operators for Integrable Differential-Difference Equations

Communications in Mathematical Physics
Sylvain CarpentierJing Ping Wang

Abstract

In this paper we introduce the concept of preHamiltonian pairs of difference operators, demonstrate their connections with Nijenhuis operators and give a criteria for the existence of weakly nonlocal inverse recursion operators for differential-difference equations. We begin with a rigorous setup of the problem in terms of the skew field of rational (pseudo-difference) operators over a difference field with a zero characteristic subfield of constants and the principal ideal ring of matrix rational (pseudo-difference) operators. In particular, we give a criteria for a rational operator to be weakly nonlocal. A difference operator is called preHamiltonian, if its image is a Lie subalgebra with respect to the Lie bracket on the difference field. Two preHamiltonian operators form a preHamiltonian pair if any linear combination of them is preHamiltonian. Then we show that a preHamiltonian pair naturally leads to a Nijenhuis operator, and a Nijenhuis operator can be represented in terms of a preHamiltonian pair. This provides a systematic method to check whether a rational operator is Nijenhuis. As an application, we construct a preHamiltonian pair and thus a Nijenhuis recursion operator for the differential-difference equation recen...Continue Reading

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