Raw cow milk bacterial population shifts attributable to refrigeration

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Véronique LafargeAgnès Delacroix-Buchet

Abstract

We monitored the dynamic changes in the bacterial population in milk associated with refrigeration. Direct analyses of DNA by using temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (TTGE) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) allowed us to make accurate species assignments for bacteria with low-GC-content (low-GC%) (<55%) and medium- or high-GC% (>55%) genomes, respectively. We examined raw milk samples before and after 24-h conservation at 4 degrees C. Bacterial identification was facilitated by comparison with an extensive bacterial reference database ( approximately 150 species) that we established with DNA fragments of pure bacterial strains. Cloning and sequencing of fragments missing from the database were used to achieve complete species identification. Considerable evolution of bacterial populations occurred during conservation at 4 degrees C. TTGE and DGGE are shown to be a powerful tool for identifying the main bacterial species of the raw milk samples and for monitoring changes in bacterial populations during conservation at 4 degrees C. The emergence of psychrotrophic bacteria such as Listeria spp. or Aeromonas hydrophila is demonstrated.

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Citations

Aug 9, 2011·Foodborne Pathogens and Disease·Suguna MigeemanathanWan-Nadiah Wan-Abdullah
Dec 1, 2010·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Valerie De JongheMarc Heyndrickx
Sep 25, 2007·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Elionora Hantsis-Zacharov, Malka Halpern
Jul 16, 2013·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Yu ZhaoRemco Kort
Jan 30, 2007·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Céline DelbèsMarie-Christine Montel
Dec 8, 2005·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Jin-Woo BaeYong-Ha Park
Apr 5, 2008·Canadian Journal of Microbiology·Ségolène Henri-DubernetMicheline Guéguen
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