Re-engaging cross-reactive memory B cells: the influenza puzzle.

Frontiers in Immunology
Ali H Ellebedy, Rafi Ahmed

Abstract

The emergence of a novel influenza A virus strain into humans poses a continuous public health threat. Vaccination is the most effective means of protection against influenza. The generation of memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells that can maintain protective levels of influenza-specific antibodies for protracted periods of time is the foundation for the success of such vaccines. Influenza vaccines elicit an antibody response that is primarily targeting viral surface glycoproteins. However, frequent amino acid mutations within the immunodominant epitopes allow the virus to efficiently escape neutralization by pre-existing antibodies and consequently cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. Recently, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target subdominant influenza epitopes have been extensively characterized. These epitopes are immunogenic, can mediate virus neutralization, and most importantly are conserved among different influenza strains. It remains puzzling, however, that despite being repeatedly exposed to such conserved domains of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) either in the form of vaccination or natural infection, most humans do not develop immunological memory that can provide broad protection against emergin...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 14, 2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Vamsee V A MallajosyulaRaghavan Varadarajan
Aug 27, 2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ali H EllebedyRafi Ahmed
Jun 4, 2014·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Ujjwal RathoreRaghavan Varadarajan
Sep 23, 2014·Epidemics·K J BoltonJ D Mathews
Mar 8, 2016·Scientific Reports·Sophie A ValkenburgLeo L M Poon
Apr 9, 2019·Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy·Cecilia TrucchiFilippo Ansaldi
Feb 16, 2018·Science Translational Medicine·Marios KoutsakosKatherine Kedzierska
Jul 15, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ali H EllebedyRafi Ahmed
Apr 8, 2016·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Taishi OnoderaYoshimasa Takahashi
Apr 6, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Carolyn M Boudreau, Galit Alter
Oct 18, 2020·The Protein Journal·V Vamsee Aditya MallajosyulaRaghavan Varadarajan

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
phage display

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