Reactive gliosis as a consequence of interleukin-6 expression in the brain: studies in transgenic mice

Developmental Neuroscience
C S ChiangI L Campbell

Abstract

Gliosis is a characteristic pathologic state in many CNS disorders. Cytokines are considered to be effectors of gliosis. In order to explore the role of IL-6 in gliosis, the temporal and spatial expression of the IL-6 gene and its consequent effects on the brain were studied in a GFAP-IL6 transgenic mouse model. In GFAP-IL6 mice, IL-6 transgene expression was detectable in the brain at 1 week postnatally and increased to maximal levels by 3 months of age before declining at 8 and 12 months. Enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (marker for astrocytes) and Mac-I (marker for microglia) mRNA expression were first prominent at 1 month, increased to maximum levels by 3 months and remained significantly elevated through 12 months of age. Western blot analysis revealed that the enhanced GFAP mRNA expression in these transgenic mice was accompanied by increased GFAP protein levels. Immunostaining for Mac-I demonstrated that in addition to an increased staining intensity, the number of cells expressing the microglial/macrophage marker was also apparently increased, particularly in the cerebellum and brain stem. Concurrent with IL-6 transgene mRNA expression and reactive gliosis, upregulation of IL-1 alpha/beta, TNF alpha, ICAM...Continue Reading

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