Reactive oxygen radicals and gaseous transmitters in carotid body activation by intermittent hypoxia.

Cell and Tissue Research
Nanduri R PrabhakarJayasri Nanduri

Abstract

Sleep apnea is a prevalent respiratory disease characterized by periodic cessation of breathing during sleep causing intermittent hypoxia (IH). Sleep apnea patients and rodents exposed to IH exhibit elevated sympathetic nerve activity and hypertension. A heightened carotid body (CB) chemoreflex has been implicated in causing autonomic abnormalities in IH-treated rodents and in sleep apnea patients. The purpose of this article is to review the emerging evidence showing that interactions between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and gaseous transmitters as a mechanism cause hyperactive CB by IH. Rodents treated with IH exhibit markedly elevated ROS in the CB, which is due to transcriptional upregulation of pro-oxidant enzymes by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 and insufficient transcriptional regulation of anti-oxidant enzymes by HIF-2. ROS, in turn, increases cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)-dependent H2S production in the CB. Blockade of H2S synthesis prevents IH-evoked CB activation. However, the effects of ROS on H2S production are not due to direct effects on CSE enzyme activity but rather due to inactivation of heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2), a carbon monoxide (CO) producing enzyme. CO inhibits H2S production through inactivation of CSE b...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 5, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Yoji KyotaniMasanori Yoshizumi
Jan 23, 2020·American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology·André BernardiniHelmut Acker
Apr 7, 2018·Cell and Tissue Research·Katrin HuberArthur S Tischler
Dec 20, 2019·Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung·Man-Man ShiYong-Wei Huang
Jul 24, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Lenise J Kim, Vsevolod Y Polotsky
Feb 18, 2021·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Alexandria B MarcianteJ Thomas Cunningham
Apr 30, 2021·Nature and Science of Sleep·Hong Peng LiQing Yun Li

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