Reading disabilities in children: A selective meta-analysis of the cognitive literature

Research in Developmental Disabilities
Milagros F KudoH L Swanson

Abstract

This article synthesizes literature that compares the academic, cognitive, and behavioral performance of children with and without reading disabilities (RD). Forty-eight studies met the criteria for the meta-analysis, yielding 735 effect sizes (ESs) with an overall weighted ES of 0.98. Small to high ESs in favor of children without RD emerged on measures of cognition (rapid naming [ES = 0.89], phonological awareness [ES = 1.00], verbal working memory [ES = 0.79], short-term memory [ES = 0.56], visual-spatial memory [ES = 0.48], and executive processing [ES = 0.67]), academic achievement (pseudoword reading [ES = 1.85], math [ES = 1.20], vocabulary [ES = 0.83], spelling [ES = 1.25], and writing [ES = 1.20]), and behavior skills (ES = 0.80). Hierarchical linear modeling indicated that specific cognitive process measures (verbal working memory, visual-spatial memory, executive processing, and short-term memory) and intelligence measures (general and verbal intelligence) significantly moderated overall group effect size differences. Overall, the results supported the assumption that cognitive deficits in children with RD are persistent.

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Citations

Feb 13, 2016·Frontiers in Psychology·Júlia B Lopes-SilvaVitor G Haase
Oct 31, 2015·Journal of Pediatric Psychology·Lyn M BalsamoNina S Kadan-Lottick
Apr 29, 2016·Dyslexia : the Journal of the British Dyslexia Association·James H Smith-SparkChristopher Sterling
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Aug 25, 2019·Nutrients·Ian HayJohn R Burgess
Mar 25, 2020·Dementia & Neuropsychologia·Gabriella KoltermannJerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Jun 22, 2018·Frontiers in Psychology·Xiaochen WangAthanasios Tavouktsoglou
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Dec 29, 2020·Frontiers in Psychology·Cameron Downing, Markéta Caravolas
Jan 10, 2017·Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition·Susan E GathercoleJoni Holmes
Jun 15, 2021·Frontiers in Psychology·Manuel Soriano-FerrerElisa Piedra-Martínez
Sep 9, 2021·Dyslexia : the Journal of the British Dyslexia Association·Eva Commissaire, Elisabeth Demont
Nov 12, 2021·Frontiers in Psychology·Janin BrandenburgMarcus Hasselhorn

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